摘要
我国实行人口控制政策三十年来,人口再生产方式由高出生、高死亡、高增长转变为低出生、低死亡、低增长,取得了巨大成绩。随着经济增长和社会前进方式的改变,可持续发展方式被世界各国认同并成为人类社会健康进步和永续发展的必然要求。人口政策作为基础性公共政策在稳定人口规模、提高人口素质、改善人口结构和优化人口分布上发挥着重要作用,为经济社会可持续发展提供动力,也为资源和生态环境保护提供保障。认清人口政策与可持续发展需要之间的关系,对提高可持续发展能力,维护可持续发展环境和保持正确的发展方向意义重大且十分必要。
对于某一地区而言,可持续发展对于人口要素的要求与国家宏观层面既有一致也有区别,这是由地区发展要求决定的。规模适度、人口整体素质高、结构合理、分布均衡的人口环境,将极大地促进地方经济、社会、资源、环境的全面协调进步和发展,有利于地方可持续发展。制定区域人口发展政策,应当科学分析本地实情,处理好人口数量、质量、结构之间的矛盾,统筹好人口可持续与经济、社会可持续间的关系,着眼于增强区域间人力资源的竞争力和提高区域内人力资源的调度能力,为全面可持续发展打下良好的基础。
本文以白云区为例,通过对其人口与可持续发展关系以及人口现状和问题的分析,针对实际指出其人口政策核心应该在加快产业发展和积极改善城市基础设施条件、完善社会保障体系而提高区域人口承载能力的基础上,紧紧围绕科学调控人口总量,大力提高人口总体素质,通过加强流动人口服务,吸纳劳动力流入以优化人口结构,从而为增强发展动力,促进社会经济可持续发展提供良好的人口环境支撑。
Under the implementation of population control policy in China for 30 years, the population reproduction mode has turned to be low birth, low d eath and low growth from high birth, high death and high growth, which has achieved a great success. With the change of mode of economic growth and social progress, sustainable development approach is to be approved by countries around the world and becom e the inevitable requirement of hum an society being he althy and advanced and sustainable development. As a basis public policy , population policy plays an im portant role in stabilizing the population size, im proving its quality, im proving the dem ographic structure and optimizing its distribution, which provides economic society developing sustainably with power , as well as the protection of resources and ecological environment with security . It is necessa ry and significant to know the relationship between population policy and the requirem ent of sustainable developm ent for improving the sustainable developing ability, safeguarding the sustainable developing environment and maintaining the correct developing direction.
For a certain area, sustainable developm ent in the dem and for population factor exists both consistent and differentiated, comparing with national macro level, which depends on the requirem ents of regional development. The population environm ent including appropriate scale, high population overall qua lity, reasonable structure and balanced p opulation d istribution, will g reatly prom ote local econo mies, social, resource and environment comprehensive and coordinated progress and development, and it is helpful for sustainable devel opment. A regional population developm ent policy should be made by analyzing local realities scientifically, handling properly the contradictions between population size, quali ty and structure, coordinating better the relationships between population sustainable, economic and social sustainable, aiming to increase the reg ional com petitiveness of h uman resou rces and improving the regional scheduling capabilities of human resource, in order to lay a good foundation for comprehensive sustainable development.
Taking Baiyun District as an example, through analyzing the relations among the population and sustainable developm ent as well as the present situation and problem of population, this paper focusing on the reality points out that the core of population policy should centre closely on controlli ng the total populati on scientifically , improving the overall quality v igorously, on the basis of accelerating indu sty development, actively improvi ng the condition of city infr astructure, perfecting the social security system to improve the carrying capacity of regiona l population, so as to offer it great support of population envi ronment to enhance the driving force and promote society and econom y sustainabl e developm ent by i mproving m igration servent and absorbing labour force to optimize the population stucture.
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