用国际可持续发展研究的新成果和通用语言解读生态文明
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摘要
本文用国际可持续发展研究的新成果和国际通用语言解读生态文明,从理论、战略、治理三个方面进行探索性的讨论,提出深化生态文明的思考和建言。首先,从对象、过程、主体三个维度概述最近十年国际可持续发展研究的重要新成果新思想,指出其对理解和深化生态文明可能有的启示。其次,基于生态文明是经济社会发展与资源环境消耗脱钩的新认识,对中国未来从2020到2050年生态文明建设的情景、路径与策略做出战略层面的分析与研讨。最后,提出后2020五年规划编制中加强面向生态文明的合作治理的建议,包括深耕包含模型、加强政府间的合作和整合、加强公私间的界面管理、鼓励公民参与和培育生态文明的新伦理新人格等。
From the frontier research and international perspective of sustainable development,the article explains theory, strategy and governance of ecocivilization and makes suggestions of developing it further. First, international research progress of sustainable development in the last decade are outlined from three dimensions of objects, process and subjects, and possible inspirations and enlightenments are pointed out to understand and deepen eco-civilization. Second,based on the viewpoint of decoupling social-economic development with resource consumption and environment impact, strategic analyses and discussions are made about possible scenarios, paths and policies of China's eco-civilization building from 2020 to 2050. And third, policy suggestions are raised to strengthen cooperative governance for eco-civilization in Post 2020 Five-Years plans, which should include inter-governments cooperation, public-private partnership and public involvement.
From the frontier research and international perspective of sustainable development,the article explains theory, strategy and governance of ecocivilization and makes suggestions of developing it further. First, international research progress of sustainable development in the last decade are outlined from three dimensions of objects, process and subjects, and possible inspirations and enlightenments are pointed out to understand and deepen eco-civilization. Second,based on the viewpoint of decoupling social-economic development with resource consumption and environment impact, strategic analyses and discussions are made about possible scenarios, paths and policies of China's eco-civilization building from 2020 to 2050. And third, policy suggestions are raised to strengthen cooperative governance for eco-civilization in Post 2020 Five-Years plans, which should include inter-governments cooperation, public-private partnership and public involvement.
引文
[1]人民网.联合国发布《中国生态文明战略与行动》报告[EB/OL].(2016-05-27).http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2016/0527/c1002-28383245.html.
[2]ZHU D J.Research from global Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)to sustainability science based on the object-subject-process framework[J].Chinese journal of population resources and environment,2017,15(1):8-20.
[3]DALY H E.Beyond Growth[M].Boston:Beacon Press,1996.
[4]ROCKSTR?M J,STEFFEN W,NOONE K,et al.A safe operating space for humanity[J].Nature,2009,461(7263):472-475.
[5]STEFFEN W,RICHARDSON K,ROCKSTR?M J,et al.Planetary boundaries:guiding human development on a changing planet[J].Science,2015,347(6223):1259855.
[6]RAWORTH K.Doughnut Economics:Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist[M].London:Random House Business Books,2017.
[7]BROWN L R.Plan B 4.0:Mobilizing to Save Civilization[M].New York:Earth Policy Institute,2009.
[8]ZHU D J,WU Y.Plan C:China’s development under the scarcity of natural capital[J].Chinese journal of population resources and environment,2007,5(3):3-8.
[9]ZHU D J,ZHANG S,SUT TON D B.Link ing Daly’s proposition to policymaking for sustainable development:indicators and pathways[J].Journal of cleaner production,2015,102:333-341.
[10]ZHANG S,ZHU D J,SHI Q H,et al.Which countries are more ecologically efficient in improving human well-being?An application of the Index of Ecological Well-being Performance[J].Resources,conservation and recycling,2018,129:112-119.
[11]WWF.Living Planet Report 2016:Risk and Resilience in a New Era[M].Switzerland:WWF International,2016.
[12]MAUERHOFER V.3-D sustainability:an approach for priority setting in situation of conflicting interests towards a sustainable development[J].Ecological economics,2008,64(3):496-506.
[13]CAVAGNARO E,CURIEL G.The Three Levels of Sustainability[M].Sheffield:Greenleaf Publishing,2012.
[14]盛馥来,诸大建.绿色经济:联合国视野中的理论、方法与案例[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2015.
[15]小约翰·柯布.中国的独特机会:直接进入生态文明[J].王伟,译.江苏社会科学,2015(1):130-135.
[16]ELLWOOD W.The No-Nonsense Guide to Degrowth and Sustainability[M].Oxford:New Internationalist,2014.
[17]WWF.中国新型城镇化的生态足迹影响分析[R].北京:WWF,2015.
[18]诸大建,陈海云,许杰,等.可持续发展与治理研究--可持续性科学的理论与方法[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2015.
(1)人类发展指数(HDI)是联合国开发署针对GDP指标不能完整表达发展质量而提出的,内容包含人均收入水平、人均预期寿命、人均教育年限等三个最基本的要求。目前认为,现代化需要的人类发展水平应该达到0.8及以上。
(2)生态足迹是WWF开发的指标,表示满足人类需求能够持续地提供资源或消纳废物的、具有生物生产力的地球空间,内容包含能源或碳足迹、耕地生态足迹、草地生态足迹、渔业生态足迹、林地生态足迹、建设用地生态足迹等6个方面。
(3)根据世界生态足迹网络资料,2010年人均地球生物承载能力是1.7地球公顷,地球人均生态足迹是2.6地球公顷(Global Footprint Network.National Footprint Accounts.2016.http://www.footprintnetwork.org)。
(1)研究结论引自课题组内容报告--诸大建,2015年中国城市可持续发展报告[R].北京:联合国开发计划署,2016。
[2]ZHU D J.Research from global Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs)to sustainability science based on the object-subject-process framework[J].Chinese journal of population resources and environment,2017,15(1):8-20.
[3]DALY H E.Beyond Growth[M].Boston:Beacon Press,1996.
[4]ROCKSTR?M J,STEFFEN W,NOONE K,et al.A safe operating space for humanity[J].Nature,2009,461(7263):472-475.
[5]STEFFEN W,RICHARDSON K,ROCKSTR?M J,et al.Planetary boundaries:guiding human development on a changing planet[J].Science,2015,347(6223):1259855.
[6]RAWORTH K.Doughnut Economics:Seven Ways to Think Like a 21st-Century Economist[M].London:Random House Business Books,2017.
[7]BROWN L R.Plan B 4.0:Mobilizing to Save Civilization[M].New York:Earth Policy Institute,2009.
[8]ZHU D J,WU Y.Plan C:China’s development under the scarcity of natural capital[J].Chinese journal of population resources and environment,2007,5(3):3-8.
[9]ZHU D J,ZHANG S,SUT TON D B.Link ing Daly’s proposition to policymaking for sustainable development:indicators and pathways[J].Journal of cleaner production,2015,102:333-341.
[10]ZHANG S,ZHU D J,SHI Q H,et al.Which countries are more ecologically efficient in improving human well-being?An application of the Index of Ecological Well-being Performance[J].Resources,conservation and recycling,2018,129:112-119.
[11]WWF.Living Planet Report 2016:Risk and Resilience in a New Era[M].Switzerland:WWF International,2016.
[12]MAUERHOFER V.3-D sustainability:an approach for priority setting in situation of conflicting interests towards a sustainable development[J].Ecological economics,2008,64(3):496-506.
[13]CAVAGNARO E,CURIEL G.The Three Levels of Sustainability[M].Sheffield:Greenleaf Publishing,2012.
[14]盛馥来,诸大建.绿色经济:联合国视野中的理论、方法与案例[M].北京:中国财政经济出版社,2015.
[15]小约翰·柯布.中国的独特机会:直接进入生态文明[J].王伟,译.江苏社会科学,2015(1):130-135.
[16]ELLWOOD W.The No-Nonsense Guide to Degrowth and Sustainability[M].Oxford:New Internationalist,2014.
[17]WWF.中国新型城镇化的生态足迹影响分析[R].北京:WWF,2015.
[18]诸大建,陈海云,许杰,等.可持续发展与治理研究--可持续性科学的理论与方法[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2015.
(1)人类发展指数(HDI)是联合国开发署针对GDP指标不能完整表达发展质量而提出的,内容包含人均收入水平、人均预期寿命、人均教育年限等三个最基本的要求。目前认为,现代化需要的人类发展水平应该达到0.8及以上。
(2)生态足迹是WWF开发的指标,表示满足人类需求能够持续地提供资源或消纳废物的、具有生物生产力的地球空间,内容包含能源或碳足迹、耕地生态足迹、草地生态足迹、渔业生态足迹、林地生态足迹、建设用地生态足迹等6个方面。
(3)根据世界生态足迹网络资料,2010年人均地球生物承载能力是1.7地球公顷,地球人均生态足迹是2.6地球公顷(Global Footprint Network.National Footprint Accounts.2016.http://www.footprintnetwork.org)。
(1)研究结论引自课题组内容报告--诸大建,2015年中国城市可持续发展报告[R].北京:联合国开发计划署,2016。