贵州五马河流域土壤养分和重金属含量与空间分布
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摘要
为给五马河流域土地资源可持续利用及生态环境保护提供参考,以五马河流域中三元村为研究对象。通过野外调查和实验分析,利用相关评价方法结合地理信息技术(geographic information system,GIS),采用反距离权重(inverse distance weighting,IDW)插值分别对土壤中养分及重金属空间分布特征、含量水平及重金属生态风险进行分析,结果表明:(1)土壤中全氮(TN)、全磷(TP)、有机质(SOM)总体含量较丰富,全钾(TK)非常缺乏。土壤养分空间分布TN和SOM含量北部高于南部,TP和TK含量南部高于北部; TN含量最低分布在西南、SOM和TK在中部、TP在东北;(2)Hg、Ni、Cu和Zn平均值高于贵州省背景值,Cd高出背景值和中国土壤污染风险筛选值,存在污染现象,Cr和As为清洁;重金属空间分布Cd、Cr、Hg、As和Zn含量北部高于南部,Ni和Cu含量南部高于北部; Zn含量最高分布在东北、Cu和Ni分布在中部少部分区域,Cd、Cr、Hg和As分布在西北;其中西北存在Cd污染,中部和西南少部分区域存在Cu污染,东北存在Zn污染;(3)部分采样点Cd、Hg已存在潜在生态风险,Cr、Ni、As、Cu和Zn为轻微潜在生态风险; 25%采样点重金属综合潜在生态危害为中度风险,其余为低风险。
In order to provide reference for the sustainable utilization of land resources and the protection of ecological environment in the Wuma river basin,as the Sanyuan village for the research object in the wuma river basin. Through field investigation and experimental analysis,using the related evaluation about the national standard of the second soil census and the evaluation criteria of heavy metal and the method of heavy metal potential ecological risk index,combining with geographic information system( GIS),the inverse distance weighting method( IDW) in GIS is respectively analysis space distribution characteristics for nutrients and heavy metals in the soil,and their levels of content and the heavy metals ecological risk. The results show that:(1)The soil total nitrogen( TN) and total phosphorus( TP),organic matter( SOM) overall content is rich,total potassium( TK) is very lack.Soil nutrient spatial distribution TN and SOM contents in the north were higher than those in the south,TP and TK contents in the south than north. TN content was lowest in the southwest,SOM and TK in the middle and TP in the northeast.(2)The average value of Hg,Ni,Cu and Zn is higher than the background value of Guizhou province,Cd is higher than the background value and the National soil pollution risk screening value,show that Cd has been contaminated. Cr and As are clean. The contents of Cd,Cr,Hg,As and Zn were higher in the north than south,and the contents of Ni and Cu were higher in the south than north. Zn content was highest in the northeast,Cu and Ni in a small part of the central region,and Cd,Cr,Hg and As in the northwest. Cd pollution exists in the northwest,Cu pollution exists in a small part of central and southwest regions,and Zn pollution exists in the northeast.(3) Some samples of Cd and Hg have potential ecological risks,Cr,Ni,As,Cu and Zn are clean; the comprehensive potential ecological hazard of heavy metals in 25% of the samples was moderate risk,and the rest was low risk.
In order to provide reference for the sustainable utilization of land resources and the protection of ecological environment in the Wuma river basin,as the Sanyuan village for the research object in the wuma river basin. Through field investigation and experimental analysis,using the related evaluation about the national standard of the second soil census and the evaluation criteria of heavy metal and the method of heavy metal potential ecological risk index,combining with geographic information system( GIS),the inverse distance weighting method( IDW) in GIS is respectively analysis space distribution characteristics for nutrients and heavy metals in the soil,and their levels of content and the heavy metals ecological risk. The results show that:(1)The soil total nitrogen( TN) and total phosphorus( TP),organic matter( SOM) overall content is rich,total potassium( TK) is very lack.Soil nutrient spatial distribution TN and SOM contents in the north were higher than those in the south,TP and TK contents in the south than north. TN content was lowest in the southwest,SOM and TK in the middle and TP in the northeast.(2)The average value of Hg,Ni,Cu and Zn is higher than the background value of Guizhou province,Cd is higher than the background value and the National soil pollution risk screening value,show that Cd has been contaminated. Cr and As are clean. The contents of Cd,Cr,Hg,As and Zn were higher in the north than south,and the contents of Ni and Cu were higher in the south than north. Zn content was highest in the northeast,Cu and Ni in a small part of the central region,and Cd,Cr,Hg and As in the northwest. Cd pollution exists in the northwest,Cu pollution exists in a small part of central and southwest regions,and Zn pollution exists in the northeast.(3) Some samples of Cd and Hg have potential ecological risks,Cr,Ni,As,Cu and Zn are clean; the comprehensive potential ecological hazard of heavy metals in 25% of the samples was moderate risk,and the rest was low risk.
引文
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7 Umali B P,Oliver D P,Forrester S,et al.The effect of terrain and management on the spatial variability of soil properties in an apple orchard[J].Catena,2012,93(2):38-48
8 Ersoy A,Yunsel T Y,Cetin M.Characterization of land contaminated by past heavy metal mining using geostatistical methods[J].Archives of Environmental Contamination Toxicology,2004,46(2):162-175
9穆耶赛尔·肉孜,迪里木拉提·玉苏甫,玉苏甫·买买提.沙雅县植棉土壤表层养分空间分布特征分析[J].农学学报,2018,8(9):33-38Muyassar Rozi,Dilmurat Yusup,Yusup Mamat.Spatial distribution of top soil nutrients in cotton field of Shaya county[J].Journal of Agriculture,2018,8(9):33-38
10赵越,罗志军,廖牧鑫,等.泰和县耕地土壤养分空间分布及影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(5):297-303Zhao Yue,Luo Zhijun,Liao Muxin,et al.Study on the spatial distribution of soil nutrients and its influencing factors in the cultivated land of Taihe county[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,32(5):297-303
11孙全平.拉萨市典型区域农田土壤重金属空间分布及生态风险评价[J].北方园艺,2018(22):124-129Sun Quanping.Spatial distribution and risk assessment of soil heavy metals in typical region of Lhasa city[J].Northern Horticulture,2018(22):124-129
12祝鑫海,张远智,杨少斌.北京市核心区土壤养分空间变异特征[J].福建农林大学学报(自然科学版),2018,47(5):581-586Zhu Xinhai,Zhang Yuanzhi,Yang Shaobin.Spatial variability of soil nutrients in the core area of Beijing[J].Journal of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(Natural Science Edition),2018,47(5):581-586
13陈优良,史琳,王兆茹.GIS的矿区土壤重金属污染评价及空间分布[J].测绘科学,2018,43(4):81-86Chen Youliang,Shi Lin,Wang Zhaoru.Pollution assessment and spatial distribution of soil heavy metals in mining area based on GIS[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2018,43(4):81-86
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