中国小金属海外供应安全评价
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摘要
小金属是支撑"中国制造2025"十大重点领域发展的资源基础,其供应安全关系到"制造强国"战略的实施。本文在对相关小金属分矿种进行对外依存度分析的基础上,结合贸易额和贸易量对小金属的通道依存度和地域集中度进行测算分析,结果表明:我国小金属整体海外供应形势不容乐观,其中,铌、钽、锆、锡和钴等小金属的对外依存度较高;对南海通道的依存度超过85%;对非洲、大洋洲、东南亚地区依赖程度较高。建议加强对我国紧缺小金属海外投资布局;通过外交、军事等综合手段提高南海通道运输安全;积极参与全球治理,推动全球矿产资源开发,维护公平和自由贸易体系,以保障我国小金属海外供应安全。
Minor metals are the resources base for the development of the ten key areas of"Made in China2025"and the implementation of the"manufacturing power strategy".Based on the analysis of the external dependence,this paper also calculates and analyses the channel dependence and regional concentration of minor metals with trade volume and trade value perspective respectively.The results show that the overall overseas supply situation of minor metals in China is not optimistic,among them,minor metals such as lanthanum,cerium,zirconium,tin and cobalt have high external dependence;the dependence on the South China Sea Corridor is more than 85%;the minor metals'import relies heavily on Africa,Oceania and Southeast Asia.It is suggested to strengthen the layout of overseas investment in China's shortage of minor metals;to improve the transport safety of South China Sea corridor through comprehensive means such as diplomacy and military affairs;to actively participate in global governance,promote global mineral resources development,and to maintain a fair and free trading system,so as to ensure the safety of overseas supply of China's minor metals.
Minor metals are the resources base for the development of the ten key areas of"Made in China2025"and the implementation of the"manufacturing power strategy".Based on the analysis of the external dependence,this paper also calculates and analyses the channel dependence and regional concentration of minor metals with trade volume and trade value perspective respectively.The results show that the overall overseas supply situation of minor metals in China is not optimistic,among them,minor metals such as lanthanum,cerium,zirconium,tin and cobalt have high external dependence;the dependence on the South China Sea Corridor is more than 85%;the minor metals'import relies heavily on Africa,Oceania and Southeast Asia.It is suggested to strengthen the layout of overseas investment in China's shortage of minor metals;to improve the transport safety of South China Sea corridor through comprehensive means such as diplomacy and military affairs;to actively participate in global governance,promote global mineral resources development,and to maintain a fair and free trading system,so as to ensure the safety of overseas supply of China's minor metals.
引文
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[2]龙如银,杨家慧.国家矿产资源安全研究现状及展望[J].资源科学,2018,40(3):465-467.LONG Ruying,YANG Jiahui.Research status and prospect of nation mineral resources security[J].Resources Science,2018,40(3):465-467.
[3]张大超,汪云甲.矿产资源安全评价指标体系研究[J].地质技术经济管理,2003,25(5):20-24.ZHANG Dachao,WANG Yunjia.Indicators of assessment for mineral resource security[J].Geological Technoeconomic Management,2003,25(5):20-24.
[4]李颖,陈其慎,柳群义,等.中国海外矿产资源供应安全评价与形势分析[J].资源科学,2015,37(5):900-907.LI Ying,CHEN Qishen,LIU Qunyi,et al.An indicator system for overseas minerals resource supply security and analysis of the security situation for China's overseas resource supply[J].Resources Science,2015,37(5):900-907.
[5]姚建,吴爱祥,唐龙.基于长短期矿产资源安全评价指标体系的构建[J].现代矿业,2014,30(2):93-95.YAO Jian,WU Aixiang,TANG Long.Construction of safety evaluation index system based on long-term and short-term mineral resources[J].Mondern Mining,2014,30(2):93-95.
[6]SOVACOOL B K,MUKHERJEE I,DRUPADY I M,et al.E-valuating energy security performance from 1990to 2010for eighteen countries[J].Energy,2013,36(10):5846-5853.
[7]KAMSAMRONG J,SORAPIPATANA C.An assessment of energy security in Thailand's power generation[J].Sustainable Energy Technologies&Assessments,2014,7:45-54.
[8]田慧敏.我国金属矿产资源安全评价[J].当代经济,2010(9):62-63.TIAN Huimin.Safety evaluation of metal mineral resources in China[J].Contemporary Economics,2010(9):62-63.
[9]中国有色金属工业协会.中国有色金属工业年鉴[M].北京:中国冶金出版社,2017.
[10]USGS.Mineral commodity summaries 2019[R/OL].https:∥minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/2019/mcs2019.pdf.
[11]UN Comtrade Database.International trade statistics[DB/OL].https:∥comtrade.un.org/data.
[12]刘宏伟.2017~2022年中国钨铜市场需求调研报告与供需格局研究报告[R].2017.
[13]安泰科.2017有色金属市场发展报告[R].2017.
[14]国际海事局.2017全球海盗活动情况报告[R].2017.