硬规则时代的数据自由与隐私边界
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摘要
人类社会正从软规则时代走向硬规则时代,其推动力量源于数据和算法。数据主义是21世纪的新宗教,数据自由是硬规则运行的前提。数据主义以产业发展与人类便利等"善"为由,呼吁数据自由与分享经济,但越来越多的事件表明不加控制的数据自由流动带来了严重的隐私安全隐患。隐私是人格尊严的先决条件,也是社会组织、道德伦理、法律问责机制的基石,规制数据权力与算法权力,保护隐私已变得刻不容缓。通过公法路径,以数据主权与数据监管对算法权力进行规制,通过私法路径,设置新型权利实现以权利稀释权力。构建适应硬规则时代的软规则体系,强化数据权力主体的自律与数据权利主体的自治,构建与硬规则相适应的软规则体系,守护好隐私边界。
The driving force of data and algorithms promotes the development of human society, moving from the era of soft rules to solid rules. Dataism is a new religion in the 21 st century, and data freedom is a prerequisite for hard rules. Dataism calls for data freedom and sharing the economy on the grounds of "goodness" such as industrial development and human convenience, but more and more events show that uncontrolled free flow of data brings serious privacy risks. Privacy is a prerequisite for personal dignity and the cornerstone of social organization, ethics, and legal accountability. With regulating data power and algorithmic power, protecting privacy has become an urgent task. In terms of the public law path, data sovereignty and data governance should regulate the power of algorithms, and in terms of the private law path, new rights should be set to realize the right to dilute power, thus constructing a soft rule system that adapts to the era of solid rules. In addition, by strengthening the self-discipline of data power subjects and the autonomy of data rights subjects, a soft rule system adapted to hard rules can be constructed. Thus, we can guard the privacy boundary.
The driving force of data and algorithms promotes the development of human society, moving from the era of soft rules to solid rules. Dataism is a new religion in the 21 st century, and data freedom is a prerequisite for hard rules. Dataism calls for data freedom and sharing the economy on the grounds of "goodness" such as industrial development and human convenience, but more and more events show that uncontrolled free flow of data brings serious privacy risks. Privacy is a prerequisite for personal dignity and the cornerstone of social organization, ethics, and legal accountability. With regulating data power and algorithmic power, protecting privacy has become an urgent task. In terms of the public law path, data sovereignty and data governance should regulate the power of algorithms, and in terms of the private law path, new rights should be set to realize the right to dilute power, thus constructing a soft rule system that adapts to the era of solid rules. In addition, by strengthening the self-discipline of data power subjects and the autonomy of data rights subjects, a soft rule system adapted to hard rules can be constructed. Thus, we can guard the privacy boundary.
引文
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[3][以色列]尤瓦尔·赫拉利.未来简史[M].林俊宏译.北京:中信出版集团,2017.
[4]Acquisti A,Brandimarte L,Lowenstein G,Privacy and Human Behavior in the Age of Information:Science [J].2015 ,347 ( 6221).
[5][美]杰弗里·萨克斯,王艺璇.从脸书看线上隐私的未来[J].中国经济报告.2018(5).
[6]胡凌.论赛博空间的架构及其法律意蕴[J].东方法学,2018(3).
[7]段伟文.数据智能的算法权力及其边界校勘[J].探索与争鸣,2018(10).
[8][美]刘易斯·芒福德.技术与文明[M].陈允明,王克仁,李华山,译.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009.
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[10]周汉华.探索激励相容的个人数据治理之道——中国个人信息保护法的立法方向[J].法学研究,2018(02).
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[13]吴伟光.大数据技术下个人数据信息私权保护论批判[J].政治与法律,2016(7).
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